Cervical dysplasia is precancerous change in the cervix, which is closely related to the presence of genital infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV). Persistent infection with HPV types of high oncogenic risk (HPV16, HPV18) is considered the main risk factor for the development of premalignant lesions and cervical cancer. The infection is most often transmitted in contact with infected skin or mucous membranes, and the incidence is highest among younger sexually active women of reproductive age. Pregnant women are at a higher risk of HPV infection due to the reduced immune response and physiological hormonal changes that occur during pregnancy. The clinical picture is asymptomatic in most infected persons, and the infection usually regresses spontaneously. The incidence and mortality of cervical cancer have decreased significantly with the introduction of screening and vaccination programs against high-risk types of HPV. For years, the gold standard for screening was taking a sample for cytological analysis (Pap smear), but recently screening has also been carried out by independent HPV testing or double testing (Pap smear and HPV testing). During pregnancy, it is allowed to perform a Pap smear, HPV testing, and in case of abnormal cytological findings, colposcopy with biopsy. The performance of diagnostic procedures and screening tests during pregnancy is aimed at excluding the presence of malignant diseases. It can take several years for the cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) to progress into invasive cervical cancer so their treatment in pregnant women is postponed until the postpartum period. Treatment of CIN is carried out by ablative or excisional procedures. The excisional procedure known as loop excision of the transformation zone (LETZ) is the main method in case of suspicion or evidence of malignant change on the cervix of a pregnant woman. Performing excisional procedures immediately before and during pregnancy is associated with obstetric complications.