Mountain rescue involves search and rescue activities in inaccessible terrain, primarily mountains, caves and speleological objects, on water and under water, with the application of expert knowledge and special technical equipment. In addition to the aforementioned, mountain rescue organizations, in cooperation with other civil services, also perform rescue operations in emergency situations such as natural disasters. Mountain rescue organizations in Bosnia and Herzegovina operate as voluntary associations whose basic functional units are mountain rescue service stations, which have their own geographical areas of activity. One becomes a member of a station by attending a two-year training programme consisting of five courses, after which the exams for the searcher and rescuer badge and the mountain rescuer badge are taken. This completes the training of the mountain rescuer. Stations of mountain rescue services gather in associations. The largest association is GSSuBiH - Association of Mountain Rescue Services in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Physicians who are members of the Association become qualified mountain rescue medicine instructors by passing the advanced ITLS (International Trauma Life Support) emergency medicine course run by the Croatian Mountain Rescue Service. Therefore, physicians are very important personnel in GSSuBiH since, in addition to participating in mountain rescue operations themselves, they act as instructors of mountain rescue medicine, thus educating other rescuers. The treatment of victims in mountain rescue medicine consists of an assessment of the scene safety and mechanism of injury, followed by a systematic examination of the victim according to the "crABCDE" ("critical bleeding, airway, breathing, circulation, disability, exposure/extremities") protocol. After the examination, all the injuries are treated, along with proper immobilization of the injured body parts and protection of the victim from hypothermia.