We consider keloids to be benign skin tumors that are unique to humans. Their formation is triggered by various skin injuries and irritations, appearing most frequently as an outcome of a trauma and surgical incisions. They are the result of excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix elements, especially collagen, in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue. The etiopathogenesis is not fully resolved, but we believe that transforming growth factor beta plays a major role in stimulating the fibrotic process. Most cases are reported between the ages of 10 and 30, and they are more common in people with more pigmented skin. Keloids appear as exophytic masses that penetrate beyond the site of the original injury into the surrounding normal skin and rarely regress spontaneously. Not only are they an aesthetic problem, but they are also often accompanied by pain and itching and can cause contractures. Patient history and clinical examination are usually sufficient to make a diagnosis, and in rare cases, when it is difficult to distinguish them from hypertrophic scars or other skin tumors, it is recommended to make a histopathological analysis. Currently, there is no specific therapy that can completely and permanently treat keloids. Despite great efforts, regression is difficult to achieve, and relapse rates are high. In people with an increased tendency to form keloid, primary prevention in the form of tensionless wound closure, scar fixation, and topical preparations that reduce fibrosis is the most important. Current therapeutic options include pharmacotherapy, radiotherapy, cryotherapy, laser therapy, and finally, surgical therapy with various tension protection techniques. Pharmacotherapy is classified into three categories depending on which emerging factor works, namely drugs that act on inflammation, chemotherapeutics, and targeted therapy. Each form of therapy has a certain rate of recurrence and occurrence of side effects, and often a combination of several therapies must be used to obtain satisfactory results. Numerous therapeutic options are still in the experimental phase, and additional studies are needed to classify them as conventional therapy.