Considering the number of people suffering from chronic kidney disease (CKD) worldwide. Statistics show that 10% of the adult population suffers from chronic kidney disease worldwide, and it is predicted that the figure will grow by almost two times in the next five to ten years. Kidney function may be replaced by hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis or renal transplantation. Acute kidney failure (AKI) is most often caused by patients undergoing hospital treatment, mostly with associated diseases (diabetes, metabolic disorders). Patients in a particular stage of kidney failure need replacement of renal function. The reasons are electrolyte imbalances and accumulation of waste product of nitrogen metabolism, which lead to disturbances in the functions of all organ systems due to increased blood pressure with associated circulatory system diseases, anemia, fat metabolism disorders, and insufficient nutrition. Hemodiafiltration (HDF) is a combined procedure of hemofiltration (HF) and hemodialysis (HD). It represents significant progress in renal replacement therapy, which improves the survival of patients with kidney failure. Major advantages are improvement of survival and quality of different parameters, as well as decreased risk for development of different intradialytic complications. The major disadvantage is the cost of treatment.