Lung cancer is the most common cause of death from malignant diseases in the world. At the time of diagnosis, more than 60% of patients have an extended disease which significantly reduces possibilities and effectiveness of available treatment methods. There are more than 18 million new cases of lung cancer diagnosed annually in the world and more than 1,5 million people die from this malignant disease every year. Lung cancer is mainly associated with smoking, exposure to harmful substances such as asbestos and radon, air pollution and genetics. Histologically, lung cancer is divided into small cell and non-small cell lung cancer. Small cell carcinoma is present in about 15% of patients with lung cancer, mostly smokers and the outcome of the disease is usually poor. The other 85 % fall to non-small cell lung cancer. Diagnostics is focused on computed tomography, chest x-ray and bronchoscopy which includes taking tissue samples for pathohistological analysis. Treatment of lung cancer depends on the type, localization of the tumor and stage of the disease. Available treatment methods include chemotherapy, imunotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery and targeted therapy, which has brought significant progress in treatment of lung cancer. Side effects of targeted therapy are minimal and easily treated and patients generally tolerate it better than other treatment methods. Side effects include rashes, diarrhea, paronychia, changes in the mucous membrane of the oral cavity.