The COVID-19 pandemic, declared by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020, has been a major test for healthcare institutions. Healthcare professionals were faced with a completely new disease that posed a threat to patients in terms of infection, severe disease and high mortality. Due to the emergence of a new infectious disease, the changes in the organization of work and the difficulty of the activities of employees in institutions where they work with a vulnerable population were very large. It was necessary to change the entire organization of work, to introduce new methods of safety at work, and to constantly update the instructions and adapt to current and acute situations. Given the increasingly severe clinical picture in patients, the need for intensive treatment of patients in intensive care units (ICUs) has arisen. In order to successfully prevent the spread of infections, in addition to the proper use of protective equipment, it is also important to have appropriate professional training and education of health workers on all issues relevant to disease control, especially in order to create a good organization within the health system. In the time that followed the declaration of the epidemic/pandemic, additional measures were introduced to specifically manage health and public health risks, at the level of the entire health system, but also especially in ICUs, where the challenges to prevent the spread of infection were particularly demanding.