Thoracic oncology is a part of oncology whose main goal is prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of tumours in the thoracic region of the body. This field of medicine includes tumour diseases of the lungs, lung tissue, respiratory tract, diaphragm, chest wall, upper thoracic opening, and even the thoracic-abdominal part of the body, including tumour metastases on the mentioned organs. Emergency conditions in oncology are all conditions that are a consequence of the existence of a tumour, complications of a malignant disease, and conditions after therapeutic procedures. There are many emergency situations, and in thoracic oncology, the most common cases are superior vena cava syndrome, tumour lysis syndrome, brain and spinal cord compression, neutropenic fever, airway obstruction. It is extremely important that the medical team is professional in each moment and that they act in accordance with the acquired knowledge in each situation. In addition to the above, they must take care of the biopsychosocial characteristics of each individual patient, show understanding and cooperate with the entire medical team, because their expertise, composure and specific care are of crucial importance for the patient's well-being.