Almost three quarters of fractures in children occurre on the upper extremity, and ten percent of all fractures occurres in the elbow. Most of the elbow injuries happen by falling on the extended arm, during playing and sport activities, most often in boys aged five to ten, and more frequently in the summer than in the winter. Children´s musculoskeletal system differs extensively from the adults. Those differences, although decreasing by age, are the cause of unique injuries in the elbow, which are challenging to diagnose and treate. In this paper, elbow injuries in children are reviewed in total, along with anatomy, growth and development, biomechanics and bone healing processes. When dealing with elbow injuries in children it is essential to have the knowledge of the complex build of the elbow, along with age dependant onset of ossification centers. Injuries are divided into fractures and dislocations. Current knowledge of their diagnostics, treatment, complications and outcomes are reviewed in this paper. Detailed anamnesis on the mechanism of injury, physical examination and radiological imaging are essential for an accurate diagnosis and for choosing the best mode of treatment. Although treatment outcomes of elbow injuries in children are essentially excellent, there is a small number of injuries that are prone to late onset complications, which may require reconstructive treatment.