Posttraumatic stress disorder is a mental health condition, a form of an anxiety disorder, that is triggered by a terrifying event – either experiencing it or witnessing it. It is a condition that can develop at any age and it is estimated that about 1-14% of the population suffers from PTSD. Because of that, it is important for the physicians to be able to detect and manage the problem appropriately, so the aim of this paper was to review the existing knowledge about the disease and methods of treatment described in the literature. Chapter One is introductory and contains a definition of the disease. Chapter Two shows a brief outline of the anxiety disorders. Chapter Three gives a brief historical overview of the disease. Chapter Four is subdivided into four parts. Part One deals with risk factors for the disease development. Part Two explains biological factors, Part Three deals with the psychological factors, psychodynamic, behavioral and cognitive theory of the disease development. Part Four illustrates social etiological factors. Chapter Five contains epidemiological data and compares the incidence of the disease between the sexes. Chapter Six gives information on classification of the disease and is subdivided into three parts. Part One shows DSM-5 classification criteria. Part Two shows ICD-10 classification criteria. Part Three compares these two classifications. Chapter Seven looks at the clinical presentation of the patients and describes most common signs and symptoms of the disease. It is subdivided into five parts. Part One deals with the biological, Part Two with psychological and Part Three with social characteristics. Part Four shows typical group of symptoms for the disease and Part Five illustrates the frequency of these symptoms. Chapter Eight deals with different methods of treatment. It is subdivided into three parts. Part One provides information about biological treatment, including psychiatric drugs, TMS, neuroregenerative therapy and others. Part Two compares the most common types of psychotherapy. Part Three is based on sociotherapeutic procedures with the aim of faster and easier resocialization. Conclusions are drawn in Chapter Nine. A comprehensive and holistic approach through a biopsychosocial model is required for the best success in the treatment of PTSD.