The medical term "polytrauma" refers to injuries sustained multiple times, which can consequently lead to various unwanted conditions such as disability, i.e. physical as well as cognitive and psychological damage, as well as death. Although the causes of polytrauma are truly numerous, the largest number is primarily the result of the high number of traffic accidents that occur every day. A smaller number of the above types of injuries have been observed in homicide attempts and suicides. In this sense, there are several types of polytrauma, namely those that include injuries to the chest, head and neck, injuries to the abdomen, spine, extremities and shocks. Due to the specific types of injuries, polytrauma patients are treated and cared for according to Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) guidelines. Accordingly, the main goal of care for a polytrauma patient including the implementation of a range of professional interventions is survival while maintaining cognitive abilities. In such complex circumstances, the nurse's expertise and response must be at a level to provide comprehensive support to the rest of the trauma team, who must be able to respond to rapid and often sudden changes in the patient's clinical condition. In polytrauma situations, timely and high quality communication with the patient and their relatives leads to a reduction in the occurrence of further distressing situations. With the development of modern medical science and its application in practise, the acute mortality of patients with polytrauma has decreased, which is particularly evident in technologically advanced countries. The result of this development is the implementation of preventive measures that have led to a better general understanding and improvement of the pathophysiology and the field of trauma itself. A better timely understanding of the aforementioned pathophysiological changes that occur after an injury is one of the essential features for a positive treatment outcome.