There is a lot of talk lately about an increase in narcissism in modern society that supports narcissistic traits. Grandiose and ambitious behavior, lack of empathy, excessive need for success, power and wealth are just a part of the broad spectrum of narcissistic traits. Narcissism is a trait that can be considered as a morally questionable and undesirable behavior, but narcissism is required for ordinary functioning in everyday life. Healthy narcissism is a part of normal self-esteem regulation and it provides the desire for success and achievement in every aspect of our life. Pathological narcissism is associated with self-esteem and affect dysregulation, and it disrupts the integrity of normal functioning. The most serious form of pathological narcissism is a narcissistic personality disorder due to narcissistic traits that are long-lasting and permanent. The topic of my review article is „Narcissism in Clinical Medicine“, thus the focus is on the narcissistic personality disorder. Even though this disorder is one of the rarest among the personality disorders, numerous studies found that its prevalence in the general population is around 1%. Even these low figures make NPD a highly frequent disorder. The early psychoanalytic studies on narcissism started in the beginning of the 20th century, with the works of psychoanalysts Kohut and Kernberg as the studies’ peak. The origins of NPD are still not clear, and there are various theories that try to explain the etiology of the disorder. Recent studies suggest the importance of neurobiology. DSM diagnostic criteria help in recognizing the grandiose type of narcissism. Grandiose narcissist is an individual who represents himself/herself with a showy attitude and a sense of superiority and self-importance in order to hide low self-esteem. One of the criticisms of DSM diagnosis is an inadequacy in diagnostic criteria for vulnerable narcissists that present themselves as hypersensitive introverts. Although vulnerable and grandiose narcissists seem to be completely different personalities, they both meet the criteria for grandiosity and have low self-esteem and sense of shame. Narcissistic patients deny their problems, and are not interested in solving them, which makes therapy really challenging. Nevertheless, psychotherapy remains the main treatment for NPD.