Arterial hypertension is the most common cause of cardiovascular diseases as well as mortality, and it also significantly contributes to the frequency of other chronic diseases, the most common of which are heart attack and stroke. Arterial hypertension or in other words high blood pressure is defined as a permanent increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure. It is a common name for any permanent increase in arterial blood pressure above normal values. The most common intervention performed by a nurse in such patients is the measurement of a person's vital functions, primarily blood pressure and heart rate. In addition to educating the patient about the harmful effects of increased intake of salt, alcohol, cigarette smoking, processed food and the need to take medication regularly, the nurse is also responsible for controlling these parameters and maintaining nursing documentation. Any disorder that causes arterial hypertension can also lead to a hypertensive crisis. This is mostly influenced by the level of change in blood pressure. Any disorder that occurs in the human body and causes arterial hypertension can also lead to a hypertensive crisis. This is mostly influenced by the level of change in blood pressure. A hypertensive crisis can be further classified as a hypertensive emergency, depending on end-organ involvement, including cardiac, renal, and neurological damage. A hypertensive emergency is diagnosed when there is evidence of direct damage to one or more organs as a result of severely elevated blood pressure greater than 180mmHg systolic or 120mmHg diastolic. Adequate examination and assessment is required to determine whether the patient is in hypertensive urgency or hypertensive emergence. It is precisely in this determination that the selection of appropriate therapy and the urgency of its application will depend.