Type 2 diabetes is the most common metabolic disease today, which is determined by poor nutrition, insufficient physical activity, a genetic component and, in most cases, obesity. It is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, especially if the affected people also have other comorbidities. The goals that are sought to be achieved are related to the promotion of health and a healthy lifestyle, thus preventing the development of the disease and leading to a decrease in its global incidence and prevalence. If the disease does develop, re-education, modification of the menu, more frequent physical activity, and pharmacotherapy are used to reverse the health condition and slow down the progression of the disease, and prevent complications. The groups of drugs used today for the treatment of type 2 diabetes are biguanides, insulin secretagogues, glucosidase inhibitors, thiazolidinediones, DPP-4 inhibitors, GLP-1R agonists, dual GLP-1R and GIP-R agonists, SGLT-2 inhibitors and insulin. Access to modern antidiabetic drugs greatly eased the circumstances and slowed down the course of the disease, however, it brought with it special challenges such as the choice of an appropriate therapeutic approach, increased healthcare costs, and unwanted effects of the previously mentioned therapy. The task of modern medicine is to investigate the side effects of these drugs in order to achieve the best possible results in controlling the disease by adjusting the therapy to the individual needs of patients and to extend life expectancy while improving the standard of living of people with diabetes.