Wry neck is a specific symptom of asymmetric head and neck posture that occurs in children and adults, which is why it is not considered a diagnostic entity. Despite the existence of several different classifications, today we mostly adhere to the traditional division into congenital and acquired wry neck. There are several theories about the origin of wry neck, but the etiology is not fully understood. The causes vary depending on the type of wry neck. Congenital wry neck is the third most common malformation in children after hip dysplasia and clubfoot, with an incidence of 0.5% to 5% in newborns. It occurs equally in both sexes, and more frequently in children born breech. In contrast to congenital forms, acquired wry neck appears as a secondary deformity caused by a range of different diseases and pathological conditions, which serve as the primary cause of abnormal head and neck position. During palpation, the sternocleidomastoid muscle is shortened, tense, thickened but painless. The head is tilted towards the affected muscle and rotated to the opposite side. Therefore, it is crucial to take a thorough medical history and conduct a comprehensive clinical examination for differential diagnosis. If acquired torticollis is the result of trauma, inflammation, or bony changes in the cervical spine, it is important to consider the use of radiological imaging to identify specific anatomical changes, as well as laboratory tests to assess inflammatory parameters. Treatment depends on clinical symptoms and the type of wry neck. In any case, it is necessary to start with conservative, symptomatic treatment, and surgical intervention should only be considered if conservative treatment does not lead to cure.