AIM OF THE STUDY: Determine the frequency of specific cytological types of lung carcinomas, determine if there is a difference between the cytological types of non-small-cell lung carcinomas regarding the sex and the age of the patients, determine the immunocytochemical staining used in cytological subtyping non-small-cell lung carcinoma, determine the matching of cytologic diagnosis of non-cell lung carcinoma and the histopathological diagnosis of the same specimen. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 490 patients with diagnosed lung carcinomas. All the smears were stained using the May-Grünwald-Giemsi method, and immunocytochemical staining was additionally done for some of the patients. RESULTS: The most common diagnosis was NSCLC-NOS, followed by planocellular carcinoma, NSCLC – adenocarcinoma, adenocarcinoma, small-cell carcinoma, and other carcinomas. There is a proven statistically significant difference in the NSCLC-NOS subtyping among the cytological types of non-small-cell lung carcinomas regarding the sex and the age of the patients, while there are no statistically significant differences for the other cytological types of lung carcinomas. The most commonly used immunocytochemical antibodies in this study were TTF-1, BerEp 4, and CK7. We determined a low-level match between the cytological subclassification of non-small-cell lung carcinoma and the pathohistological diagnosis. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to subclassify non-small-cell lung carcinomas due to the complex and sophisticated chemotherapy protocols. Continuous quality improvements are necessary, as well as the continuous standardisation of cytological diagnostic procedures, as they provide important guidelines regarding the diagnostic and therapy procedures for the patients suffering from non-small-cell lung carcinoma.