| Sažetak | Zdrave životne navike predstavljaju način života koji smanjuje rizik za obolijevanje od kroničnih bolesti i pojavu rane smrti. Upravo je zdravim načinom života moguće ne samo smanjiti, nego i spriječiti pojavu kroničnih nezaraznih bolesti, koje su odgovorne za gotovo 70% svih smrtnih slučajeva diljem svijeta.
Cilj istraživanja: Cilj istraživanja bio je ispitati zastupljenost mediteranske prehrane i tjelesne aktivnosti kod studenata triju studijskih programa Medicinskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Splitu.
Materijali i metode: Presječno istraživanje obuhvatilo je 735 studenata Medicinskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Splitu, s postotkom odgovara od 84%. U istraživanje su uključeni studenti medicine (N=433), studenti dentalne medicine (N=172) i farmacije (N=130). Ispitanici su tijekom svibnja i lipnja 2018. godine ispunjavali upitnik o životnim navikama. Upitnik je sadržavao pitanja o dobi, spolu te tjelesnoj visini i masi. Kako bismo ispitali prehrambene navike studenata, koristili smo ljestvicu za procjenu mediteranske prehrane (engl. Mediterranean Diet Serving Score, MDSS). Pitali smo studente i što doručkuju i koliko puta u tjednu doručkuju, zatim broj obroka i međuobroka te smo im ponudili nekoliko obroka za odabir idealnog ručka. Kako bismo ispitali tjelesnu aktivnost studenata, koristili smo Međunarodni upitnik o tjelesnoj aktivnosti, kratku verziju (engl. International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Short Form, IPAQ-SF). Pitanja su se odnosila na tjelesnu aktivnost u posljednjih 7 dana u trajanju od najmanje 10 minuta, a cilj je bio procijeniti intenzivnu tjelesnu aktivnost, umjerenu tjelesnu aktivnost, hodanje i sjedenje. Ispitanici su podijeljeni u skupine prema spolu (studenti i studentice), studijskom programu (medicina, dentalna medicina i farmacija) i prema godinama studija (pretkliničke i kliničke studijske godine). U analizi podataka korišten je hi-kvadrat test, Mann-Whitney U test i Kruskal-Wallis test. Razina statističke značajnosti postavljena je na P<0,05.
Rezultati: U ovom istraživanju pokazali smo da samo 10% studenata i 12% studentica Medicinskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Splitu slijedi preporuke mediteranske prehrane. Mediteranska prehrana bila je zastupljenija u studenata dentalne medicine (15,7%) u odnosu na studente medicine (10,2%) i farmacije (11,5%). Mediteranska prehrana podjednako je zastupljena među studentima pretkliničkih i kliničkih studijskih godina. Intenzivna (P<0,001) i umjerena (P=0,030) tjelesna aktivnost izražena u metaboličkim minutama na dan bila je statistički značajno više zastupljena u studenata u odnosu na studentice. Nije bilo statistički značajne razlike u zastupljenosti tjelesne aktivnosti izražene u metaboličkim minutama na dan s obzirom na studijski program i godine studija. Intenzivnu razinu tjelesne aktivnosti imalo je 60% studenata i 50% studentica, dok je nisku razinu tjelesne aktivnosti imalo 7% studenata i 10% studentica. I Studenti i studentice su u prosjeku sjedili 6 sati na dan.
Zaključak: Studenti koji studiraju na Medicinskom fakultetu Sveučilišta u Splitu imaju poprilično nisku zastupljenost mediteranske prehrane u svakodnevnim navikama. Razina tjelesne aktivnosti je bila puno bolja od prehrambenih navika studenata. Potrebno je uložiti napor u promoviranju mediteranske prehrane kao načina zdravog života u ovoj mladoj populaciji, a osobito među studentima medicine kao budućim liječnicima. |
| Sažetak (engleski) | Healthy life habits present a way of life that reduces the risk of chronic diseases and early death. Healthy living is not only a way to reduce but also to prevent the occurrence of chronic noncommunicable diseases,which make up almost 70% of all deaths worldwide.
Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of Mediterranean diet and physical activity among students of all three study programs at the University of Split School of Medicine.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study included 735 students at the University of Split School of Medicine with response rate of 84%. The study included medical students (N=433), students of dental medicine (N=172) and pharmacy students (N=130). During May and June 2018 respondents completed a questionnaire about life habits. The questionnaire contained questions about age, gender, height and weight of the body. In order to examine the dietary habits of students, we used a score for estimating the Mediterranean diet (Mediterranean Diet Serving Score, MDSS). We asked students what they eat for breakfast, how many times a week they have breakfast, the number of meals and snacks they have per day and we offered them different type of meals to choose from as their ideal lunch. In order to examine the student's physical activity we used the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (Short Form, IPAQ-SF). The questions were related to physical activity in the last 7 days that lasted at least 10 minutes and the goal was to evaluate the vigorous physical activity, moderate physical activity, walking and sitting. Respondents were divided into groups by gender (male students and female students), study programs (medicine, dental medicine and pharmacy) and the year of study (preclinical and clinical studies). In dana analysis we used chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis test. The level of statistical significance was set up at P<0,05.
Results: In this study we have shown that only 10% of male students and 12% of female students at the University of Split Medical School followed the recommendations for Mediterranean diet. Students of dental medicine (15.7%) were more frequetly compliant with the Mediterranean diet, compared to the medical students (10.2%) and pharmacy students (11.5%). Mediterranean diet adherence was equal among students of preclinical and clinical study years. Vigorous (P<0.001) and moderate (P=0.030) physical activity expressed in metabolic minutes per day were statistically significantly different and higher among male students compared to female students. There was no statistically significant difference in the percentage of the physical activity expressed in the metabolic minutes based on study program and the year of the study. The vigorous level of physical activity was present in 60% of male students and 50% of female students, while low level of physical activity was present in 7% of male students and 10% of female students. Both male and female students were on average sitting down during 6 hours per day.
Conclusion: Students of University of Split School of Medicine displayed low adherence to the Mediterranean diet in their lifestyle habits. The physical activity habits were much better than the dietary habits of students. Further efforts are needed to promote the Mediterranean diet as one of the healthy lifesyle patterns in this young population, especially among medical students which are future doctors. |
