The subject of this final paper is the economic aspects of demographic changes in the Republic of Croatia. The analysis of available statistical data for the period from 2014 to 2023 showed that; the total population of the Republic of Croatia is declining, the natural increase is negative in all observed years, the migration balance is negative in all years except for 2022 and 2023. year, and the population is aging. In addition, the paper analyzed how demographic trends have a negative impact on economic growth, especially on the labor market (lack of labor force, especially highly qualified), social (pressure on the social welfare system that does not have enough capacity and enough employees, while for the payment of various social benefits necessary for economic development) and the health system (burden due to a large number of examinations, hospitalizations, allocations for medicines and the lack of health workers) and the sustainability of the pension system (a distinctly unfavorable ratio of pensioners and insured persons, with high allocations for the pension system, low pensions, etc.). The final paper analyzed various strategies aimed at increasing the birth rate (focused on the family and increasing the quality of life, and includes financial strategies, time, i.e. maternity leave and services), suppression of population emigration (housing policy measures, creation of new jobs, stimulation of economic development, improvement of the existing infrastructure, etc.) and improvement of the educational framework of the population (scholarships for students, provision of accommodation services in student dormitories and harmonization of enrollment quotas in the higher education system with the needs of the labor market). Current measures fail to effectively respond to demographic trends, highlighting the need for their strengthening and the introduction of additional strategies.