The most common cause of the renal hypertension is renal artery stenosis that makes 1-10% of all the hypertensions. The causes of the renal artery stenosis are arteriosclerosis, that mostly affects older men, fibromusculardysplasia, which is more common in yunger womwn, neurofibromatosis, congenital stenosis and kidney transplantations. Renal artery stenosis is manifested as a kidney imbalance, renal artery hypertension and cardiovascular diseases relapse. It is diagnosed by some diagnostic tests. The important rule of diagnostics is to start with noninvasive tests, like laboratory tests, followed by the radiologiy imaging diagnostics: ultrasound, MR, CT and DSA. After the diagnostic treatment, the most suitable medical treatment is chosen; medicamenttreatment, endovascularintervention or surgical intervention. The aims of the treatment are the blood pressure regulation, renal function maintenance and complication prevention.