In 1988, G. Reaven described the role of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinism and gave it the name by which it has become widely recognised, "Syndrome X". A contemporary definition of Metabolic Syndrome refers to a cluster of metabolic disorders related to insulin resistance, a state that is often associated with a high-risk overweight/obesity phenotype. Today, metabolic syndrome is the most important source of new diabetic cases, as well as the major cause of coronary heart disease. The escalating prevalence of the syndrome has important health implications. Each component of the metabolic syndrome is an established cardiovascular disease risk factor, and the presence of multiple components confer greater risk than the sum of the risks associated with the individual ones. Risk assessment includes a list of biological parameters where in lipids play an important role, especially triglycerides and HDL-particles. The traditional factors associated with the syndrome are obesity, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, dyslipemia and hypertension. The goal in the treatment of metabolic syndrome is the prevention of circulatory diseases, and in particular of major vascular events. The conclusion is that in addition to basic treatment, i.e. lifestyle changes, the choice of drugs for the correction of metabolic syndrome components is especially important. Priority is given to drugs with favourable or at least neutral metabolic effect. Drugs that might correct the central defect - overactive visceral fat tissue - are particularly interesting for prospective studies.