Agriculture, as one of the oldest human and economic activities, is dealing with growing of plants and breding animals, primarily because of food production. Almost half of human kind is ensuring their subsistence by engaging in agriculture. The aim of this study was to describe the elements of climate change and their effect on cereal crops production as a main source of food and to analyze the possibilities of adaptation and improvement of crops production in stressful conditions caused by climate change based on available information. Climate extremes, such as frequent droughts and floods, extremely low and high temperatures are causing extensive damage to agriculture. Since the beginning of climate measurements current global average temperature is approximately 0,98 °C higher than in the late 19th century. There is a split of opinion regarding what caused this. However, the world's leading climate scientists consider human activities to be almost certainly the main cause of global warming. Furthermore, we cannot escape the fact that there is an exponential growth of human population on Earth alongside with more than 800 million people starving which results in 25 dead persons every minute. We should take into account that the food production areas are limited and are constantly being reduced so the solution being imposed is to increase yields per unit area. However, the mentioned climatic events are causing abiotic stress in plants, in other words they are causing a lack of normal growing conditions which results in reduction of yield or even impossibility of cultivation in severe cases. The climate change is happening and it is unquestionable and noticeable. Regarding this, due to impossibility to manage natural causes the only thing that remains are efforts of mankind to mitigate the climate change and to adapt the agricultural production.