Today's economy still relies heavily on fossil energy sources, which are not a sustainable solution taking into account the intensity of their exploitation and environmental impact of the same. Introducing biorefineries on a global level would potentially solve ongoing ecological crisis and shift the mind set of the industrial-oriented society. Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) is a plant suitable for cultivation in order to exploit it's above-ground biomass for the production of biogas, and tubers for the production of alcohol. Versatile morphological, physiological and agro-ecological characteristics of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) such as exceptional resistance to salt stress, excellent adaptation to degraded soils, resistance to pathogens, excellent ability to exploit water in the soil, and the possibility of using sea water in it's irrigation, are only few of the features that contribute to it's advantage compared to other cultures. In addition to cultivating Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) for biomass, it's agro-ecological advantage over most cultures is reflected in it's phytoremedy effect on degraded soil, by improving physical and chemical properties of the soil, and such soil after recovery may lead to another culture. While it is a relatively well-known culture in Europe, cultivation technologies and competitiveness of the same, in the form of biogas production should be further explored. The additional investigations are needed to examine it's competitive advantage in the production of renewable energy and it's potential globally