This master`s thesis explores key aspects of maritime transport documents, analyzing their historical development from traditional paper document to electronic formats. Thesis highlights evolution from primitive forms to technically more complex forms that emerged in rensponse to market demands. The legal regulation of transport documents is analyzed through international conventions, whith an emphasis on the obligations and responsibilities of all parties involved. The role of bill of lading is presented as the most important form of transport document, whith a focus on its modernization into an electric format, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of such forms. Special attention is given to the ship`s master and his role, emphasizing the importance of his expertise and responsibility. Ultimately, these thesis analyzes the role of maritime transport documents in international trade, emphasizing their crucial role in facilitating maritime trafic to enhance the safety and efficiency of maritime transport.