Beta blockers are one of the oldest drugs that affect functions of the cardiovascular system and certainly one of the most commonly used drugs in general. The spectrum of their application is derived from cardiovascular diseases, most important of which are arterial hypertension, ischemic heart diseases, chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and cardiac arrhythmia up to treatment and / or prevention of migraine and tremors. Although their basic mechanism of action is antagonism (blockade) of β-adrenergic receptors, there are significant differences between them both in pharmacokinetic properties and in additional pharmacodynamic effects. Therefore, it is not justified for any drug in this group to automatically attribute properties observed by a particular representative. For this reason, this thesis attempted to explain all differences between them, as well as differences in efficacy in the treatment of arterial hypertension, ischemic heart diseases, chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, cardiac arrhythmias, asthma and COPD, type 1 and 2 diabetes melitus, and non-cardiac conditions such as hyperthyroidism, migraine and muscular tremor. In most of the aforementioned indications, third-generation drugs, nebivolol and carvedilol are the most useful and effective, followed by bisoprolol, metoprolol and atenolol as second generation cardioselective agents. Given their beneficial effects in severe cardiovascular disease, these medications should be wisely selected and used. Therefore, new, large, randomized, controlled clinical trials should increasingly investigate and confirm the role of nebivolol and carvedilol in all of these indications as well as compare treatment outcomes with other cardiovascular drugs.