Postpartum depression is the most common postpartum complication, often underdiagnosed and undertreated, that occurs during the pregnancy or in the six months following delivery. Risk factors for the development of PPD include history of depressive episodes, earlier adverse events, lack of social support, infant’s health problems, low socioeconomic status, heritability and others. The main PPD detection tool is Edinburgh Scale for Postpartum Depression and diagnosis is confirmed by specialist doctor. The pathophysiology of PPD is mostly unclear, but the time coincidence of the onset of symptoms and abruptly withdrawal of hormons that occurs after delivery, suggest that increased susceptibility for the hormone disbalance could be a trigger for development od PPD. Therapeutic approaches include pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments. When choosing an approach, intensity and clinical presentaton of the symptoms, as well as woman’s preferences, should be considered. For the mild symptoms, psychosocial interventions and psychotherapy are used as the first choice. On the other hand, the treatment of moderate to severe PPD requires usage of antidepressive drugs. However, a delay of therapeutic effect, limited effectiveness and numerous adverse effects for mother, as well as for a child through milk, are disadvantages of current pharmacotherapeutic options. Brexanolone is the first medicine indicated especially for the treatment of PPD. In clinical trials it has shown effectiveness for severe form of PPD, causing fast and maintained improvement in patient’s condition. Brexanolone is an aqueous solution of allopregnanolone, administrated as continuous 60 hours intravenous infusion. As a neurosteroid, brexanolone is a positive allosteric modulation of GABA-A receptors, thereby indirectly regulates other pathophysiological processes connected to PPD. The way of usage, safety profile and high price are disadvantages of the drug.. Further reasearch of pathophysiology of PPD is needed to detect new therapeutic targets and develop more specific and effective drugs in the future. Large potential for prevetion of PPD should be used to minimalize its incidence and need for treatment.