Antimicrobial resistance is a growing problem that needs to be addressed by everyone involved in the health care system, including pharmacists. In recent years, more and more papers have been published on antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial stewardship (AS) programs. The aim of the research: Reviewing the existing available AS programs, assessing the role of pharmacists and determining the opportunities they provide or could provide in improving health care in terms of optimizing the use of antibiotics. Material and methods: During the course of this research, a review of scientific and professional literature, texts published by professional associations and institutions, as well as other available resources has been performed for the following keywords: antimikrobna rezistencija, rezistencija na antibiotike, smjernice, uloga ljekarnika, antimicrobial stewardship, antimicrobial resistance, guidelines, pharmacist role. Results: Pharmacists can participate in antimicrobial stewardship programs at all levels of health care and are important team members in numerous interventions. For example, in the hospital environment, in addition to taking care of the timely procurement of antibiotics, they can participate in the development of guidelines and monitoring the compliance therewith, monitoring the interactions, determining the doses, developing computer interventions, their monitoring, etc. In public pharmacies, they advise patients on the proper use of prescribed antimicrobial drugs as well as on the self-treatment of viral infections. Pharmacists can also participate in public health campaigns aimed at the rational use of antibiotics. Conclusion: The role of pharmacists is not the same in every country. It depends on the education system, and the powers that the pharmacists have, as well as on the pharmacist’s place of work. A more significant role of pharmacists in AS programs is largely related to highly developed countries. Pharmacists, as the most accessible health care professionals, have the potential for a much greater and more significant role in antimicrobial stewardship in Croatia at all levels of the health care system. The activities of pharmacists in AS programs in the Republic of Croatia are also defined by the National Program for the Control of Bacterial Resistance, which is an important precondition for a more active participation of pharmacists in antimicrobial stewardship programs. This is why quality and continuous education in this field should be organised through undergraduate and postgraduate teaching, in specialization programs as well as in continuing education programs for pharmacists.