Doping is a violation of one or more of the rules defined by the World Anti-Doping Code defined by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). Most common doping practices include the use of illicit substances or methods with the goal of enhancing an athlete’s performance. The doping problem has spread beyond the boundaries of elite sports and has become a part of daily lives of many recreational athletes wishing to improve their physical appearance. The list of banned substances from 2021 includes over 200 compounds divided into 3 groups: substances and methods banned during and out of competition, substances banned during competition and substances banned in certain sports. Different doping agent groups allow athletes to increase their physical performance thanks to a number of effects: increased endurance and aerobic capacity, accelerated recovery from injuries, increased pain threshold, increased muscle mass, reduced fat, masking the use of other doping agents, etc. Unfortunately, drug abuse outside of therapeutic indications involves a whole range of negative health effects, and sometimes even fatal consequences. The growing list of illicit drugs and modern trends in doping practice have put anti-doping agencies at odds with new challenges. WADA accredited laboratories are constantly developing new doping detection techniques and are investing in advancing existing detection methods. A crucial part in fighting doping is the education of athletes about the unwanted and harmful consequences of doping. Pharmacists have an important role to play in promoting clean and fair sports, when counseling their patients-athletes about risks and potential consequences of doping.