Medication errors are unintentional mistakes in the medication cycle (prescription, distribution, preparation and administration) that can be prevented. If they are not prevented, they cause damage or have a tendency to cause damage in the patient's body. A particularly vulnerable group of patients who are sensitive to medication errors is the pediatric population, which requires adjustment of pharmacotherapy (adjustment of dosage, method of administration, frequency of dosing, etc.). Any adjustment is a possible risk of error. Medication errors represent a major burden on public health. There is a need to minimize risks and prevent errors through existing regulatory bodies (EMA, HALMED). The aim of this research was to describe the reasons for the sensitivity of pediatric patients, the types of medication errors that occur, and to present ways of minimizing errors in the medication cycle in the pediatric population. Scientific papers based on evidence published in scientific journals, available in Medline, Pub Med, Science Direct, Scopus and Google Scholar databases were used in the preparation of the paper. The results showed that the pediatric population is sensitive due to the immaturity of the organism and differences in absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination compared to adults. Errors occur in hospitals, clinics and private homes where parents/caregivers are responsible for the correct use of pharmacotherapy. The most common medication errors were: administration of the wrong dose of medication and administration of the wrong medication. Most of them were not life-threatening. Prevention is possible if medication errors are reported, if health professionals are provided with stimulating working conditions and if the application of therapy is explained precisely to parents/caregivers.