Objectives This expert thesis describes in detail the topical formulations used for prevention and treatment of dermatological side effects associated with the application of conventional and biological treatment with oncology patients. The paper describes the main characteristics of the most frequent dermatological side effects, their clinical picture, incidence and possible mechanisms of occurrence. The topical formulations and physical methods, as well as general support measures are also described, which are encompassed with the literature for prevention and treatment of dermatological side effects. The side effects included in this paper refer to the hand-foot syndrome, papulopustular rash, changes on the fingernails, pruritus, xerosis, changes in hair growth, photosensitivity, oral mucositis, altered pigmentation, lichenoid dermatitis, Raynaud's phenomenon, flagellate dermatitis, and extravasation injuries. Severe forms of skin reactions which require urgent hospitalization are also mentioned. The goal of this expert thesis is to, by systematic overview of available topical formulations and physical methods for relieving dermatological side effects of anticancer medications, encourage the development of guidelines for their treatment and to make patients and healthcare workers aware of the possibilities and importance of skin care prior to, during, and after the treatment process. Material and methods The material for drafting this expert thesis is comprised of relevant expert and scientific articles which address the issue of dermatological side effects associated with the application of anticancer therapy and topical formulations which are used for their alleviation. Besides expert articles the data from official websites relevant for the topic of the paper were used. Literature was searched pursuant to the research topic, research subject, authors, and journal. When studying relevant articles, the most important results, discussions, and conclusions were extracted. Based on the studied articles, own considerations of the studied problematic were derived which are an integral part of the discussion of this expert thesis. Literature was searched through PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library databases, by using the following keywords: anticancer agents, cutaneous adverse reactions, management, targeted therapies, topical preparations, vehicles. Results Despite numerous studies dealing with the issue of dermatological side effects caused by the application of anticancer medications, for most of them clear treatment guidelines and protocols have not yet been developed. The flaws of clinical studies are most often too few respondents and too short time of their conduction. The patients often don't report dermatological side effects, especially when they occur outside of hospital settings, and they don't link them with the treatment. In oncology patients, topical forms of treatment have an advantage to systemic therapy due to polytherapy. Most of topical medication which are in the prescription regime are used off-label, i.e. beyond the approved indication, based on the experience of clinicians and numerous studies in treating dermatological side effects, such as topical corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, vitamin D analogues, and retinoids. Numerous cosmetic and medical products, for example moisturizers, keratolytics, photoprotective and antimicrobial agents are widely available to patients in free sale with the recommendation of previous consultation with a pharmacist or other healthcare professional who issues it, for the purpose of their rational and responsible application. Nanotechnology has enabled the development of modern foundations and formulations with improved properties, primarily bioavailability, which are more acceptable to the patient and facilitate him the application, which ultimately leads to the therapeutic goal. Although the possibilities of prevention and treatment of dermatological side effects of anticancer medications are truly diverse, their relatively high incidence is still recorded. Conclusion By choosing the right topical formulations whose composition is suitable for the affected area of skin with respect to the affinity of the patient it is possible to influence the incidence and course of numerous dermatological side effects without the need to interrupt or adjust basic therapeutic procedures. Given the constant increase in the number of oncology patients, and thus the application of biological therapy accompanied by a higher incidence of dermatological side effects, it is necessary to develop general guidelines for their prevention and treatment based on as many studies as possible.