Ethnobotany is a science of traditional use of plants by human beings. The genus Olea L. comprises up to about 50 taxa, which are considered native to the eastern part of the Mediterranean region. The most famous species of the genus Olea is Olea europaea, which is native to Croatia as well. Its uses have been recorded in numerous ethnobotanical studies, where hypoglycaemic and antihypertensive use are most commonly reported. In view of the growing frequency of cardiovascular diseases in the world population in recent years, the uses of olive, recorded in ethnobotanical studies, have potential importance for the development of new herbal medicines. This diploma thesis attempted to provide an overview of the medicinal uses of species from the genus Olea L. based on the conducted ethnobotanical research, of which results have been published in the period from 2017 to 2021, and which covered applications in different countries, and tried to determine which species have the greatest potential for particular indications. The results showed that 94% of the recorded applications referred to Olea europaea. Diabetes was mentioned in 32 % of papers, which all referred to Olea europaea. Traditionally, its leaves are most often prepared in the form of decoction or infusion.