GLP-1 receptor agonists are medications that belong to the group of incretin mimetics. Their main mechanism of action involves stimulating insulin secretion in response to oral glucose intake by acting on pancreatic β-cells and reducing glucagon secretion by acting on pancreatic α-cells. GLP-1 receptors are widely distributed in the body, so GLP-1 receptor agonists also have numerous other effects in the body, such as reducing body weight by acting on the satiety center in the brain. The primary indication for GLP-1 receptor agonists is the treatment of inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes, and their new indication is as an adjunct to a reduced-calorie diet and increased physical activity for weight control in individuals with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2 or BMI ≥ 27 kg/m2 with comorbidity. Liraglutide and semaglutide are registered for this indication. Clinical studies show excellent results in reducing body weight with the use of liraglutide and semaglutide. Common side effects associated with the use of all GLP-1 receptor agonists include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation. Several cases of side effects related to the gallbladder have also been reported.