Objectives: The aim of this paper is to show the importance of understanding and knowing the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships of antibiotics in individualized drug dosing and achieving effective treatment of Ventilator-associated pneumonia. Subjects and methods: A systematic and retrospective review of professional and scientific literature was made. Currently valid guidelines, professional institutions publications, therapeutic manuals and other available sources relevant to the topic of the work were searched. Keywords for searching the databases (Medline/Pubmed, Cochraine, ScienceDirect and Up to date) included the following terms: antibiotics, dosage, pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships, ventilator-associated pneumonia – etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, patient characteristics, pharmacotherapy. Results: The paper systematically presents ventilator-assosiated pneumonia, including etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, prognosis and pharmacotherapy of the disease. The presence of pathogens with reduced sensitivity and physiological changes in the organism of mechanically ventilated patients affect the pharmacokinetics of antibiotics and increase the risk of suboptimal drug dosing. Suboptimal dosing reduces the likelihood of achieving the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships of antibiotics necessary to achieve effective drug concentrations at the site of infection and is associated with poor therapeutic outcomes. By individualizing the dosage, optimal antibiotic concentrations can be achieved in the dosing interval to ensure effective therapy and reduce the risk of toxicity and the development of antimicrobial resistance. Conclusion: The choice of antibiotics and dosing must be individualized for each patient in accordance with his specific characteristics, and knowledge of the relations between treatment outcomes and the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationship of the drug in ensuring optimal therapy.