Incretin mimetics, developed based on endogenous incretins - glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), are peptide-based drugs primarily used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity. Both conditions represent major and growing public health concerns and are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality. All these drugs act as potent GLP-1 receptor agonists, with tirzepatide being the only dual agonist of GLP-1 and GIP receptors. Currently, liraglutide and semaglutide are indicated for obesity. These drugs significantly reduce blood glucose and body weight. Additionally, due to their widespread receptor distribution, they show direct and indirect positive effects on various organ systems, including the cardiovascular system. The relevance of actions on each system is the subject of extensive research, influenced among other factors by the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of the drugs. To date, numerous large randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials and meta-analyses have been conducted to investigate the efficacy and tolerability of incretin mimetics in patients at cardiovascular risk. Many of these studies have demonstrated the benefits of these drugs for specific patient populations, and are the basis for the potential expansion of indications in clinical practice.