Objectives: The intestinal microbiota balance is of great importance for maintaining human health. The condition when the balance in the microbial community is disturbed is called dysbiosis. In 2019, a severe acute respiratory syndrome disease called COVID-19 broke out in the Chinese city of Wuhan. It is an infectious disease caused by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. In addition to infection of the respiratory system, SARS-CoV-2 also infects the gastrointestinal tract, where it multiplies intensively. The aim of this work is to provide insight into changes in the intestinal microbiota compostion in patients with COVID-19 and in people who have recovered from COVID-19, as well as insight into therapeutic interventions that affect changes in the intestinal microbiota composition in patients with COVID-19. Methods: The methods included a review of available scientific literature on the topic of intestinal microbiota, COVID-19, analysis of intestinal microbiota in COVID-19 patients, and the impact of probiotics and nutrition on intestinal microbiota in COVID-19 patients. Results: The composition of the intestinal microbiota of COVID-19 patients and persons who have recovered from COVID-19 shows significant dysbiosis compared to healthy controls. A decrease in microbial diversity and richness, as well as changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiota in the form of a loss of beneficial bacteria and an increase in the number of pathogenic bacteria, have been proven. Gut dysbiosis is closely related to gastrointestinal symptoms and the severity of the disease of COVID-19. Conclusion: To determine whether these changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiota reflect the cause or effect of COVID-19, it is necessary to perform additional research. Therapeutic intervention on the microbiota through probiotics, prebiotics and fecal transplantation is one of the promising strategies for the treatment of COVID-19 in the future, but further research is necessary.