| Sažetak | Provedena je botanička i fitokemijska karakterizacija vrsta roda Plantago L. iz zapadnog
dijela Hrvatske: P. altissima L., P. argentea Chaix, P. coronopus L., P. holosteum Scop. subsp.
depauperata, P. holosteum Scop. subsp. holosteum, P. holosteum Scop. subsp. scopulorum, P.
lagopus L. i P. maritima L. Utvrđena su morfološko-anatomska obilježja istraživanih biljnih
taksona i detaljno opisana građa listova i stabljika, te oblik i raspored trihoma. Histokemijskim
reakcijama dokazane su trjeslovine, sluzi, glikozidi, alkaloidi i proteini. Primjenom TLC metode i
taložnih reakcija utvrđena je prisutnost iridoida, flavonoida, fenolnih kiselina, trjeslovina,
triterpenskih kiselina, saponina i sterola. Unaprijeđena je MEKC metoda i provedena
karakterizacija iridoidnih sastavnica. Vodeni ekstrakti listova sadržavali su do 0,27% aukubina i
do 1,81% katalpola (P. argentea). U većine uzoraka detektirane su još dvije iridoidne supstancije.
Spektrofotometrijski određen sadržaj polifenolnih spojeva u nadzemnim biljnim organima najveći
je u taksona P. holosteum subsp. holosteum, a trjeslovinama i flavonoidima najbogatiji su
nadzemni dijelovi vrste P. argentea. Primjenom programskog paketa ESKULAP potvrđena je
valjanost analitičkog postupka za određivanje tanina s Folin-Ciocalteusovim fenolnim reagensom.
Reverzno-faznom HPLC analizom uspješno je provedena karakterizacija flavonoida i fenolnih
kiselina u metanolno-vodenim ekstraktima listova. Maseni udjeli tih tvari znatno su varirali među
taksonima: rutin (0,005-0,024%), hiperozid (0,007-0,020%), izokvercitrin (0,020%, P. argentea)
kvercitrin (0,001-0,013%), kvercetin (0,006-0,028%), klorogenska kiselina (0,002-0,115%) i
kavena kiselina (0,001-0,046%). Utvrđena je statistički značajna varijabilnost u distribuciji
analiziranih bioaktivnih tvari među analiziranim vrstama. Eksperimentalni fitokemijski podaci
obrađeni su metodom multivarijatne statistike. Utvrđeno je da se vrsta P. argentea fitokemijski
najviše razlikuje od ostalih taksona i da posjeduje najveći fitoterapijski potencijal od svih
istraživanih vrsta roda Plantago L. |
| Sažetak (engleski) | Plantago altissima L., P. argentea Chaix, P. coronopus L., P. holosteum Scop. (subsp. depauperata,
subsp. holosteum and subsp. scopulorum), P. lagopus L. and P. maritima L. were botanically and
phytochemically investigated. Complete morphological and anatomical characterization of leaves and
stems was carried out. Histochemical reactions revealed the presence of tannins, mucilage, glycosides,
alkaloids, inulin and proteins. The existence of iridoids (aucubin and catalpol), flavonoids (rutin, hyperosid,
isoquercitrin, quercitrin and quercetin), saponin substances, triterpenes (oleanolic and ursolic acids) and
sterols (β-sitosterol and stigmasterol) was confirmed using TLC. Micellar electrokinetic chromatography
(MEKC) was used for characterization of iridoid substances. The yield of aucubin and catalpol was up to
0.27% and 1.81% of the dry mass of the leaves, respectively. Besides aucubin and catalpol, two related
compounds were determined in plant samples. The results of spectrometric measurements showed that P.
argentea and P. holosteum subsp. holosteum generally contained the highest amounts of total polyphenols,
tannins and flavonoids, while the lowest contents were measured in samples of P. coronopus.
Mathematical and statistical program ESKULAP was used for the evaluation of the analytical procedure
for tannin determination with Folin-Ciocalteu's phenol reagent. Characterizations of flavonoids and
phenolic acids were successfully performed by reversed phase HPLC. Yields of analysed substances varied
among examined species: rutin (0,005-0,024%), hyperosid (0,007-0,020%), isoquercitrin (0,020%, P.
argentea), quercitrin (0,001-0,013%), quercetin (0,006-0,028%), chlorogenic acid (0,002-0,115%) and
caffeic acid (0,001-0,046%). Experimental phytochemical data were evaluated by cluster analysis.
Significant differences were observed in contents and distribution of iridoids, flavonoids and phenolic acids
between investigated plant species. These substances might be good chemotaxonomical markers in the
study of genus Plantago. The results of present study showed that P. argentea had the highest
phytotherapeutic potential of all examined Plantago species and it could be a good resource of biologically
active compounds. |
