The CYP1A2 gene encodes an enzyme involved in drug metabolism and is responsible for 95% of primary caffeine metabolism. Variations in the CYP1A2 gene have been particularly poorly studied in minority and/or isolated populations such as the Roma, a transnational population of Indian descent living as a minority in almost all European countries. The main goal of the study was to determine how demographic history and evolutionary mechanisms affect the distribution of alleles and haplotypes of three pharmacogenetically relevant CYP1A2 gene polymorphisms in three groups of Croatian Roma (Baranja, Međimurje and the Balkans). Samples were genotyped by KASP (Competitive Allele Specific PCR). Genotyping data were compared with the frequencies of the studied SNPs in European and Asian populations. In the Croatian Roma groups of the 3 analyzed SNPs, rs2069514 was monomorphic. 4 haplotypes were reconstructed and translated into stellar alleles, of which *1A and *1F are the most common. A comparison of the studied populations based on the frequency of haplotypes showed that the populations show a homogeneous grouping according to geographical affiliation, while Roma are the most heterogeneous group. Balkan Roma are most similar to European populations, Roma from Baranja are located between Europeans and South Asian populations, while Roma population from Međimurje is completely separated.