The goals of this dissertation were to measure impact of different types of management that are carried out in Mediterranean olive groves and vineyards on the community, populations and individuals of carabid beetles, who provide valuable ecosystem services to agriculture. A special emphasis was placed on predatory species of carabid beetles, which can control harmful pests on plants with their predatory activity. Research methods included morphological analyses, molecular biology (PCR diagnostics), and toxicology (intoxication with active ingredients, HPLC, GC-MS) were used in order to compare the proportions of different functional groups of carabids depending on the type of agronomic management, the impact of management on their development, predatory activity, and metabolism, but also to check whether insecticides spread through soil foodwebs via trophic interactions. By combining the collected data from Zadar County and data published from the other Mediterranean areas, we proved that management affects the composition of the community and that unmanaged habitats have a significantly higher proportion of carnivorous carabid species. Unmanaged habitats also contained a higher proportion of large flightless species. The method of fluctuating asymmetry, performed on two species, indicated that olive orchards are less adverse habitats for the development of carabid beetles than vineyards, however, unmanaged habitats are more suitable compared to both vineyards and olive orchards. Of the two tested species, Pterostichus melas proved to be more suitable species for fluctuating assymetry as a sign of negative enviromental impact on populations, given that it showed statistically significant differences in the level of fluctuating asymmetry between populations, while in the species Poecilus koyi there were no differences between populations. Furthermore, acute poisoning with thiamethoxam, an insecticide from the group of neonicotinoids, caused a series of sub-lethal effects in carabids. Individuals exposed to higher concentrations consumed significantly less food and exhibited obvious locomotory impairments, such as slow, irregular gait, intense cleaning of antenae, and inability to return to their feet when turned over on their backs. Furthermore, changes in the concentration of individual metabolites in the treated individuals indicate that following the intoxication, oxidative stress occurred in the tissues of the carabids. However, measurement of the activity of superoxide dismutase, an enzyme involved in the defense against oxidative stress, did not show any significant differences between the groups depending on the concentration. In this research, for the first time, the transfer of insecticides from the soil to selected prey (earthworm), and then from the prey to predatory species through feeding, was demonstrated in the laboratory. Using molecular methods, we confirmed that carabids from the research sites feed on earthworms. This research confirmed that: (i) unmanaged, stable habitats favor a higher proportion of predatory species and their normal development; (ii) insecticides can enter carabid beetle's tissue indirectly, by feeding on the contaminated prey; (iii) higher concentrations of the insecticide thiamethoxam cause disturbances in the feeding, movement, and metabolism of carabids, disrupting their predatory activity and thus reducing ecosystem services that might be provided by carabids, which in agricultural ecosystems contributes to the biocontrol of plant pests. These results may help to develop more sustainable management practices that support the community of predators and reduce the loss of biodiversity in the Mediterranean region.