Radio continuum emission from approximately ten thousand galaxies was observed at 3 GHz (10 cm) and used to trace galaxy evolution and the dust unbiased cosmic star formation rate history since the universe was only 1 billion years old. Observations lasting almost 400 hours were performed with the upgraded Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) interferometer pointed toward the 2 square degree equatorial COSMOS field. This VLA-COSMOS 3 GHz Large Project represents the currently deepest radio continuum observations performed across such a large area of the sky. Radio sources were paired with optical/near-infrared counterparts and a statistical approach was used to determine luminosity functions of two main galaxy populations: star-forming galaxies and active galactic nuclei. Number counts of radio galaxies were obtained, which suggest that the future deep radio surveys will predominantly observe star-forming galaxies. The redshift dependent infrared-radio correlation was used to link radio emission with star formation processes. This research suggests that galaxies were the most productive when the universe was 2.5 billion years old (at a redshift of z ~ 2:5), only a fifth of its current age. During that period, about 25% of all newborn stars were being created in massive galaxies where star formation rates can reach thousands of solar masses per year. Up to 20% more star formation might be occurring in highly dust obscured galaxies in the early universe, compared to what was previously thought.