Butterflies appear through our continent as well known and popular group of insects, enriching the lives of many people. On the entire Croatian territory, Protection Act protects the following types of butterflies: Iphiclides podalirius L., Papilio machaon L., Parnassius apollo L., Apatura iris L., Apatura ilia Schiff., Limentis populi L. The main reason for endangerment and disappearance of butterflies is destruction and loss of natural habitat. Particularly vulnerable are wetlands. Habitat fragmentation happens due too rapid depopulation, lack of economic activity, melioration, cessation of traditional mowing and grazing animals, road construction and use of insecticides and herbicides. In this seminar the problem of protecting butterflies and the way butterflies are trying to protect themselves is presented. Seminar also includes an overview of endangered (CR) and vulnerable (VU) species of butterflies and endemic species in Croatia. Today, there are various methods and organizations that are working on the protection of butterflies. The first step is making a list of endangered species and their protection. Red list of groups and IUCN category contains 38 species of butterflies. European Society for the Protection of butterflies (BCE) is trying to stop the disappearance of butterflies through the various actions. Natura 2000 is the largest coordinated network of conservation area, on whose list are also butterflies. Its importance lies in knowing the biology of butterflies and a multi-year monitoring of species to determine the trend of each of them. Landowners are encouraged to management that allows biodiversity conservation. Climate change is causing the disappearance of many species, but it is assumed that global warming would be a good for butterflies and that it could expand the boundaries of their distribution. The greatest protection procedures should be taken in case of Maculinea species that are endangered butterfly species in Europe.