The term epilepsy describes a group of chronic neurological disorders that are manifested as a disorder of brain cells that, due to various causes, become too excitable and an electrical impulse occurs, resulting in epileptic seizures. The etiology of epilepsy is divided into 6 classes: genetic, structural, metabolic, immunological, infectious and unknown. Genetically conditioned epilepsies are caused by chromosomal or gene abnormalities. In the case of chromosomal abnormality, epilepsy is part of the phenotype in people who have trisomy of the 21st chromosome, i.e. Down syndrome, Klinefeltern syndrome (XXY) and deletion of the short arm of the 17th chromosome or Miller Dieker syndrome. Genetic epilepsies are mainly caused by genes that encode ion channels and cause channelopathy. Additionally, genetic epilepsies result from interactions between several genes with non-genetic factors such as the environment. Mutations in genes affect neuronal excitability, synaptic transmission and network development in the brain. Epilepsy caused by mutations in genes can occur as a primary result or it can occur as a secondary manifestation of a syndrome. Genetic factors also play a role in the response to antiepileptic drugs, influencing their effectiveness. This paper describes different forms and syndromes of epilepsy, the background of which lies in genetics