The topic of this final paper is child poverty in Croatia. Poverty is a phenomenon that affects a part of the population and brings with it negative consequences. It leads both adults and children to life in unfavorable conditions. Due to their specific vulnerable position, children need special protection from the negative consequences that life in poverty has on them. The aim of this paper is to emphasize the importance of research in this area and the importance of combating this problem at all available levels using all available resources to protect children from the adverse effects of poverty. The paper presents the consequences of poverty on children and selected data on the situation in the Republic of Croatia. Roma children are singled out as a particularly vulnerable group and the conditions in which these children live in the Republic of Croatia are presented. Finally, the role of professionals, especially social workers, in combating child poverty is emphasized.