This paper seeks to present the most important elements of biodiversity protection in international law. In order to achieve that, it shows the historical development of awareness of necessity to protect biological diversity, from initial bilateral agreements to international conferences that resulted in almost universally adopted conventions and during which the concept of sustainable development was established, as the future of the environmental protection. Special emphasis was placed on the Convention on Biological Diversity and its protocols, as a basis for regulating this topic, and in addition to presenting the main elements of these documents (such as regulation of states’ obligations regarding access and benefit sharing from genetic resources and the obligation of international cooperation) the paper also states the criticisms that are often highlighted in relation to those documents, as well as possible improvements that are proposed. In addition, the paper describes the regulation of specific areas or problems that are important for the protection of biological diversity and whose further development is of special interest to the international community. At the same time, the paper places highlight on some conventions which have greatly contributed to the preservation of biological diversity, due to their wide acceptance. Finally, in this paper it is shown that the protection of biological diversity is attracting increasing attention from both the public and the legal