In addition to the trend of population aging, Croatia is followed by trend of a high rate of risk of poverty among elderly people. Compared to other countries of the European Union, Croatia belongs to the category of countries with high risk of poverty in old age. As the definition of poverty is material deprivation, income is important for understanding poverty and the quality of life of the elderly. The pension system and the social policy system are most important factors in the fight against poverty in old age. In addition to poor financial picture and inadequate or no pension income, some of the risk factors for poverty in old age are female gender, single households, poor health, and social exclusion. Considering the importance of the state's role in the fight against poverty, it is necessary to make the public aware of this social problem, as well as to increase the adequacy and coverage of social benefits. In working with people living in poverty, social workers also play an important role, at the individual and collective level.