This master’s thesis analyses the Roman law delict of iniuria as it developed through different periods of Roman law and draws parallels with the corresponding concepts in contemporary Croatian law. The delict of iniuria is first presented as per the Law of the Twelve Tables, which set the foundations for its regulation. This is followed by separate analyses of its regulation according to the general edict (edictum de iniuriis aestimandis) and specific praetorian edicts (edictum de convicio, edictum de adtemptata pudicitia, edictum ne quid infamandi causa fiat and edictum de iniuriis quae servis fiunt). Further analysis focuses on the regulation of the concept according to a specific law passed by Sulla that covered this issue in addition to other matters (lex Cornelia de iniuriis). Special attention is given to the development of the concept in the classical and post-classical periods of Roman law, i.e. in Justinian’codification. These chapters, among other things, explain the concept of iniuria, the difference between a real and verbal iniuria, and the concept of animus iniuriandi, as well as provide an overview of the general development of the concept and its transition from the sphere of the private (civil) law to that of the public (criminal) law. The thesis further presents certain criminal offences in contemporary law that share similar characteristics with the ancient delict of iniuria. Specifically, these are the following offences: bodily harm, grievous bodily harm, particularly grievous bodily harm, insult and slander or libel. The thesis then focuses on civil law, namely on personality rights as a concept of law particularly applicable to the objects of protection relating to the Roman law delict of iniuria. The concept of personality rights is explained and its regulation analysed according to the Civil Obligations Act of 1978 and its current version. The thesis goes on to clarify the protection of personality rights and certain specific forms of their protection, governed by specific acts. The thesis concludes by determining some conceptual and substantial links between the Roman and contemporary regulation of the analysed concept.