Social expectations of the role of fathers in raising and caring for children have changed throughout history. The modern approach of defining the father's involvement in raising and caring for children is no longer focused only on the physical presence of the father in the father's life or on the concern for meeting the material needs of the children. It includes three main components (1) fathers' involvement in the child's life through direct interaction with the child, emotional commitment and attachment to the child, (2) fathers' physical and psychological availability and (3) fathers' responsibility for ensuring resources for the child's quality development. The modern approach includes the assessment of fathers' identification with their paternal role, commitment to fatherhood and self-efficacy. In this paper, a multidimensional model of fathers' involvement in raising and caring for children is introduced. Then, various research findings were highlighted on the connection between the quality of fathers' involvement in the upbringing and care of children and children's developmental outcomes. This is followed by a description of the various determinants of fathers' involvement in the upbringing and care of children after divorce. Special emphasis is placed on the presentation of individual, contextual and institutional factors that determine the level of the father's involvement in raising and caring for children after divorce. Different styles of parenting after divorce, the advantages of cooperative co- parenting and the problems of difficult parenthood in situations of high-conflict divorces are described. In conclusion, examples of support programs for quality co-parenting after divorce are presented, and existing challenges and guidelines for further development of practice in this area are highlighted.