This paper deals with the topic of the impact of climate change on poverty and social development, with the aim of gaining insight into differences in exposure and vulnerability to the consequences of these changes depending on the level of development of a country, but also certain characteristics of individuals and groups within them. The work is structured in such a way that the first part deals with exposure to climate change in different regions of the world, with an emphasis on developing countries and their particular vulnerability. The second part refers to the impact of climate change on poverty and people living in poverty, because changed climate patterns adversely affect agriculture, ecosystems and biodiversity, as well as tourism, which represent a source of livelihood for many people, but also the health of people living in poverty, which is already threatened due to a poorer quality of life. In addition, the poor infrastructure in the area where people at the risk of poverty live is further threatened by increasingly frequent natural disasters. The third part deals with sustainable development and initiatives in that area, and finally, the fourth part is focused on solutions for the already caused consequences of climate change. The use of fossil fuels and the depletion of available resources have brought the world to the point of unsustainability. In addition, the harmful emissions of greenhouse gases caused by such a lifestyle have led to global warming and disturbed the balance on Earth. The consequences that are felt, as well as those that are forecast, forced all the countries of the world to start looking for joint solutions and thus the idea of sustainable development appeared. It is about development that includes renewable resources and energy sources, the use of wich protects the environment and does not destroy available resources, enabling their use, while at the same time leaving enough of them for future generations.