This paper discuss the problem concerning poverty and benefit of preschool children in Croatia and EU member states, especially in the context of the global economic crisis that has led to the creation of poverty in modern times. The aim of this paper is to expose the issue of child poverty, its causes and consequences, and especially to consider measures for suppression. The key subject of analysis of policies and measures to repress child poverty in the Republic of Croatia and EU member states make child benefit and the cost of charge for the function of the family / children in total social costs. Child allowance is analysed and presented in all member states, with the notable big differences between countries, regarding the general conditions of its realisation and the age, the number of children, as well as the monthly amount of the allowance. Cost analysis of the charge was conducted according to Eurostat data for the four-years period, from 2008 to 2012. Results in the analysis of the cost benefits showed the presence of large differences between countries, with the decline in the share of compensation recorded in 23 member countries, including Croatia and with a drop of 2.7% and growth in five countries. It is noticeable that in most member states the risk of child poverty exceeds 20%, There is a need to make continuous efforts in the field of education, targeted programs, employment, preschool education, housing conditions and increasing public awareness so the problem of child poverty can be prevent or to mitigate its consequences.