Through this work, I will bring closer the concept of citizenship and statelessness both in the world and in the Republic of Croatia. Through a historical overview, we will encounter the concept of statelessness for the first time, and the problems it caused, but which it causes today. The Law on Croatian Citizenship, which entered into force on October 8, 1991 with all its amendments until 2023, defines the principles, methods of acquiring Croatian citizenship as well as termination. One of the goals is to bring closer the procedure and issues related to the acquisition and termination of citizenship, and it is necessary to explain the methods of acquisition and termination of citizenship as one of the foundations for a better understanding of the concept of statelessness. The 1954 Convention on the Legal Status of Stateless Persons defines the concept of statelessness. The Republic of Croatia is a signatory to this convention. Through this work, we will meet apartheids, i.e. persons without citizenship, which are defined by the Law on Croatian Citizenship and described in more detail by the Law on Foreigners. How well the issue of statelessness is regulated and how well these persons are protected is another question of this work. Stateless persons are subject to the legal norms of the Law on Aliens of the Republic of Croatia. Through this topic, the relationship of stateless persons in relation to the Law on Foreigners and their legal position in relation to the aforementioned Law will be discussed.