It is estimated that by 2050, the number of people with hearing impairment will reach 700 million, emphasizing the need for research on their mental health and quality of life. The consequences of hearing loss can affect all aspects of a person's life, including social, physical, and mental development and functioning. Mental health in individuals with hearing impairment is closely associated with the concept of communication, which is a significant factor and one of the most common causes of changes in quality of life in adulthood. Communication, in turn, is linked to three factors that provide a deeper understanding of the mental health of deaf and hard-of-hearing individuals: self-esteem, quality of life, and cultural identity. As hearing loss and impairment are associated with these factors, as well as a range of other risk factors in childhood and adulthood, it is essential to gain insight into how these factors affect the mental health of individuals with hearing impairment. Numerous studies have focused on the negative impacts and consequences concerning mental health, and therefore, they are presented, defined, and supported by extensive knowledge in this paper.