This paper addresses the topic of deprivation of parental custody rights, with an emphasis on the historical development, modern legal framework, and analysis of relevant decisions by the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Croatia. The first part of the paper provides a brief introduction to the topic, while the second part covers the historical development of this measure. In the third part, the contemporary regulation of the deprivation of parental rights is analyzed, including the conditions for implementing the measure, who can propose such a measure, and how the judicial process is conducted. It also discusses the protection of children's rights during and after the process of deprivation of parental custody. The fourth part of the paper focuses on the analysis of decisions by the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Croatia related to the deprivation of parental rights. Three decisions are analyzed in detail (U-III-2342/2022, U-III-6685/2021, and U-III-249/2022). The paper concludes by summarizing the results of the analysis and drawing conclusions related to the legal framework and the protection of children's rights in the context of this measure.