The paper addresses the topic of child poverty and emphasizes all the various factors that can increase the likelihood or make life difficult for children in poverty. The paper highlights possible health-physical, cognitive-educational, social-emotional and economic consequences of living in poverty that affect, both on the whole family, and directly and indirectly on the child. One section of the paper deals with child poverty in Croatia and through a review of several studies on the same topic, it gives an insight into the prevalence and multidimensionality of this problem. Additionally, the paper discusses about advocacy as one of the basic approaches to social work, which through various communication, negotiation and other skills seeks to enable the voice of those who are marginalized and disadvantaged in society to be heard. The purpose of the paper is to emphasize the importance of understanding the persistence and prevalence of the problem of child poverty, as well as the multidimensionality of it, in order to make the work in the field of advocacy as high quality and extensive as possible, and preventive programs focused on the targeted causes of the problem.